Everything is Miscellaneous Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Everything is Miscellaneous - Essay Example One thing that has gone in question is the unwavering quality of data. Wikipedia happens to be one of the most as often as possible and ordinarily counseled site for social affair data about any sort of subject. Be that as it may, Wikipedia offers every one of its clients to add to the information it stores in its database on account of which, it isn't accepted to be a sound wellspring of data in the scholastic world. â€Å"Philip Bradley, a custodian and Internet expert, said in the Guardian that Wikipedia is hypothetically â€Å"a stunning idea,† yet â€Å"I wouldn’t use it, and I’m not mindful of a solitary curator who would†Ã¢â‚¬  (Weinberger 132). Wikipedia lays on an incidental arrangement of spread of data. This paper basically dissects a narrative that can be characterized in comparable terms. In this narrative (â€Å"Obsession: Radical Islam’s†), Islam is depicted as a danger toward the Western culture. The narrative holds one of t he most major principles of Islam, called as â€Å"Jihad† as the main driver of fear mongering on the planet. Jihad is one of the most generally misconstrued and misjudged precepts of Islam in the West. In view of the manner in which it has been depicted in the media, numerous individuals especially non-Muslims consider Jihad psychological warfare. Western media characterizes Jihad as radical Muslims’ announcement of war over the honest non-Muslims. To offer load to picture it needs to build of Jihad, the narrative affirms that non-Muslims, yet additionally numerous Muslims are likewise put to hazard because of the spread of fear based oppression with Jihad since they are considered responsible by the non-Muslims for the demonstrations of the psychological militant organizations. The narrative shows different scenes broadcast on the TV directs generally in Arabia in which Jihad has been characterized as fundamentally connected with the spread of fear based oppression o n the planet (Munoz). For example, a researcher in one of the clasps appeared in the narrative says that it's anything but a wrongdoing for a Muslim to kill a non-Muslim in light of the fact that the last isn't a higher priority than a bovine. It is critical to take note of that to comprehend Jihad in its actual soul, it is basic that the historical backdrop of Islam is perused and Jihad is comprehended in setting in which it has been made required upon the supporters of Islam. So as to comprehend the genuine importance of Jihad, it must be seen that most clasps remembered for the narrative show deluding researchers that either are misled about the criticalness of Jihad in Islam or deliberately depict it wrongly in order to make disarrays and contentions about Islam. Such researchers are supported by hostile to Islamic organizations that need to dissuade non-Muslims from grasping Islam, considering the way that Islam is the quickest spreading religion on the planet today. The narrat ive likewise shares some correct ideas about Jihad. This makes it a blend of right and mistaken portrayals of Jihad. For example, the narrative tells that Jihad’s strict significance is â€Å"struggle† which is right (Fatoohi). â€Å"In Qur'an it isn't jihad however values like equity, empathy and pardoning are increasingly conspicuous. While these qualities are changeless and extraordinary, war (for which Qur'an utilizes the word qital, not jihad) is logical and guarded just when such circumstance arises† (Ali). Consistently, a large number of non-Muslims grasp Islam voluntarily instead of by

Elements of the Marketing Process

Components of the Marketing Process 1.1 Explain the different components of the promoting procedure. Promoting Kotler (2010) characterizes that Marketing is the social procedure by which people and gatherings acquire what they need and need through making and trading items and incentive with others. Advertising is the action, set of establishments, and procedures for making, imparting, conveying, and trading contributions that have an incentive for clients, customers, accomplices and society on the loose. (American Marketing Association, 2010) Clients Needs, Wants and Demands An effective business begins with knowing the clients. Clients are individuals who purchase items and administrations from others, for example, organizations of some sort. The organization may definitely know them as companions, neighbors and family however to build up the companys business, it is essential to recognize what the clients need or need. The requirements, needs and requests help the advertisers choose the items which they bring to the table in the market. Needs Needs are simpler to characterize however as indicated by social needs, physical requirements, singular needs and different elements. The activity of advertisers is to comprehend the requirements of the clients. Human needs are the essential necessities and incorporate food garments and safe house. Without these human can't endure. The items which are under the necessities classification don't require push. By providing all the more intently for the requirements of clients, it is for the most part effective for the organizations which comprehend the reasons why the clients settle on the choices, for example, what they purchase and how they purchase. (N.a, 2014) Instances of requirements class items transportation part Needs A distinction is much of the time made among requirements and needs. The showcasing idea is the mentality that business choices ought to be founded on what the buyer needs. (n.a, 2010). Needs are a stride in front of clients needs and furthermore to a great extent rely upon the necessities of the clients themselves. They are the type of human needs molded by culture and individual character (Class notes). For certain clients, the needs are straightforward. Then again, different clients might be progressively explicit in their needs. Instances of needs classification items Car Requests A stride in front of needs is requests. At the point when a client needs something which is the best, and furthermore the client can get it, at that point these needs are changed into requests. The fundamental distinction among needs and requests is clients want. Case of requests classification items †BMW Clients Satisfaction Clients fulfillment is a promoting term that relations how items or administrations provided by an organization meet a clients desire. Clients fulfillment encourages the organizations to assess their capacity in addressing clients needs and desires viably. (Zeithaml et al, 2009) Advertising Process The advertising procedure is the way toward dissecting market openings, choosing objective markets, building up the showcasing blend, and dealing with the promoting exertion. Target clients remain at the focal point of the showcasing procedure. Different Elements of Marketing Process There are different sorts of components under promoting process. They are †Situational Analysis Promoting Objectives Promoting Strategy Promoting Mix Usage and Control. Situational Analysis The establishment of the promoting plan, which is known as a situational investigation incorporates numerous components influencing on a business, for example, Swot examination, Pestle investigation, Porters five powers and partner examination. Swot which represents qualities, shortcoming, openings and dangers is to make arrangements of the entirety of the inward and outside qualities, shortcoming, openings and dangers to exhort vital arranging choices. Pestle which represents political, financial, social, innovative, lawful and natural is to distinguish the entirety of the different outer components that may influence a business. A situational examination can lead the association of better understanding the components which will impact its future. (Lorette, 2014) Advertising Objectives The goal is the beginning stage of the promoting plan. Showcasing targets are objectives for the association which needs to be effective while empowering its items or administrations to clients. They ought to consistently bolster the companys crucial objectives. They are significant in light of the fact that they can show how the organization will profit by advertising, preparing the representatives and overseeing (Pendergrass, 2013). Each compelling objectives and goals are characterized by the SMART measures. Savvy represents Explicit Quantifiable Concurred and Attainable Pertinent and Realistic Timetable (class notes) For instance †to build 50 understudies for every month in 2014 to edit at any rate 70% very much prepared understudies in 2016 Promoting Strategy A system is a drawn out arrangement to accomplish certain targets. In this manner a promoting technique is a showcasing plan considered to accomplish advertising destinations. STP advertising is a three-advance way to deal with construct an objective showcasing plan. S is for division, T is for focusing on and P for situating (Kokemuller, n.d). Division is basically a conceptualizing movement because of socioeconomics, psychographics, way of life, conviction and qualities, life stages, geology, conduct and advantage (Hanlon, 2013). Focusing on permits organizations to group the market portions that fit the best with their items. Hanks,(2014) states that Positioning incorporates the improvement of an item that the chose target showcase section sees as one of a kind when contrasted with comparable items in the business. Promoting Mix Promoting blend is the mix of seven factors under a companys control that can be attempted to accomplish advertising goals. Showcasing administrators utilize this to deliver the best reaction in the objective market. Understand that the showcasing blend standards are reasonable. (N.a ,2014) Promoting choices by and large fall into the accompanying seven controllable classifications named as 7Ps. Item Cost Spot Advancement Individuals Procedure Physical Evidence Execution and Control A viable vital execution can decide the result of showcasing arranging. The viability of usage might be improved by the administration of the arranging procedure by building guarantee and responsibility for plan and its execution. (N.a, 2013) N.a (2008) states that Strategic Control is the last advance of the executives procedure, comprises of observing and assessing the technique the board procedure in general to guarantee that it is working appropriately. The fundamental of control is capacity to gauge. It contrasts what ought to happen really and what really occurred or is probably going to occur. 1.2 Evaluate the advantages and expenses of advertising direction for a chose association. Creation Concept The creation idea is where products are delivered without mulling over the decisions or tastes of the clients. (Manzoor, n.d) Item Concept The clients will incline toward items that have better quality, execution, and highlights as inverse to an ordinary item in the item idea. This is genuinely related in certain spots, for example, gadgets and portable handsets. Selling Concept The selling idea in advertising is the idea that clients won't naturally purchase something they consequently sold. Advertising Concept Riley (2012) characterizes that An advertising orientated methodology implies a business responds to what clients need. The choices taken are based around data about clients needs and needs, instead of what the business believes is directly for the client. Best organizations adopt a market-situated strategy. Cultural Marketing Concept As indicated by Kotler (2013), Social Marketing is the structure, usage, and control of projects looking to expand the agreeableness of a social thought or practice in an objective gathering. Advantages of Marketing Orientation for MIC Appreciation The advancement of the business can get the gratefulness and consideration of the focused on understudies and guardians over a wide running or explicit market. Benefits From the market procedure, the association can get numerous benefits by improving the attractions of guardians and understudies during promoting yield impacts. Flexibility Because of understudies administration or understudies issue focus and understudies input framework, the association can realize what's going on, emotions, needing are and what they need to change a few administrations of the school, for example, rules and educating techniques. Expenses of Marketing Orientation for MIC Cost On the off chance that there are no impact restoring, the expense of statistical surveying for every day, and week after week or yearly can be one of the detriments of showcasing direction. Input It isn't in reality sure or exceptionally difficult to get powerful advices and inputs from the focused on understudies. Time In the event that there are any requirements to fix for the association, an excessive amount of time should be spent for conversations, gatherings, etc. References Kotler. P, (2010) what is showcasing? How 10 Experts Define It, [Online]. Accessible at http://www.skylinetradeshowtips.com/what-is-promoting how-10-specialists characterize it/> [Accessed eleventh November 2014] American Marketing Association, (2010) what is promoting? How 10 Experts Define It, [Online]. Accessible at http://www.skylinetradeshowtips.com/what-is-promoting how-10-specialists characterize it/> [Accessed eleventh November 2014] N. a, (2014) Marketing Theory. [Online]. Accessible at http://bussineesscasestudies.co.uk/bussiness-hypothesis/advertising/setting up client needs.html#axzz3lqPnaASn> [Accessed eleventh November 2014] N.a (2010) Marketing Principles of MIC, second ed., BPP Learning Media Ltd: London. Zeithaml et al, (2009) Models and speculations of consumer loyalty [Online]. Accessible at http://www.ukessays.com/articles/promoting/models-speculations of-consumer loyalty showcasing essay.php> [Accessed eleventh November 2014] Lorette. K, (2014) a Situational Analysis of a Strategic Marketing Plan. [Onlin

Books that Look Good on College Applications TKG

Books that Look Good on College Applications We love to read. We are voracious and committed to reading all sorts of books all of the time so that a) you don’t need to, and b) we can guide you on your literary journey(s). It’s our favorite work to do with students. The books that we recommend they read aim to challenge their perceptions about certain topics. And then we talk about it. That’s really our favorite part.You can approach your reading in a few ways, and we’ve written about a couple in the past: you can do a deep dive into a particular author or an area of interest. Ultimately, colleges want to see that you spend your free time actively expanding your realm of knowledge and understanding about the world around you. Yes, it makes sense for some of the books you read to relate to your area(s) of interest, but it also makes sense that your interests will expand over time to include many things.Here are some of our favorite books that we broadly recommend time and time again to students. When we work one-on-one wi th students, their book lists are much more focused and tailored to specific niches. But the following are books that, when added to your application, will still “look good.” While some of them are indeed well-known, none of these books are clichés, nor are they (to our knowledge) assigned in schools. Those are the two main qualifications for books that “look good” on college applications, but these are some of our favorites:Evicted by Matthew DesmondThe New Jim Crow by Michelle AlexanderSeveral Short Sentences About Writing by Verlyn KlinkenborgThe Vanishing Neighborhood by Marc J. Dunkelman  Slouching Towards Bethlehem by Joan DidionQuiet by Susan CainAmericanah by Chimamanda Ngozi AdichieMen We Reaped by Jesmyn WardSex Object by Jessica ValentiHungry by Roxane GayBad Feminist by Roxane GayThe Power Broker by Robert A. CaroInvisible Man by Ralph EllisonKilling Rage by bell hooks  Men Explain Things To Me by Rebecca Solnit  Daring Greatly by Brene BrownPrinciples by Ray Da lioThe Elephant in the Brain by Kevin Simler and Robin HansonThe Value of Everything by Mariana MazzucatoSteve Jobs by Walter IsaacsonZero to One by Peter ThielThe best advice we can give you is to keep reading. Once you find a book you love, see what else that author has written. And read it. Or find a book on a topic that came up in the book that fascinated you. Just keep reading. If you want us to give you some suggestions based on your area(s) of interest, just send us an email. We’d be happy to put one together for you.

Cast Away Into Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs - 1175 Words

Cast Away into Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs In our heads, we seem to think that extreme situations are one in a million, that it is impossible those things can ever happen to us, until it does of course. Such as tornadoes, plane crashes, horrific car accidents, and so on. They turn your world upside down and your life is never the same again once you ve experienced such trauma. You realize that everything in our everyday lives is taken for granted however once those simple everyday luxuries are taken away we don t know what to do with our lives. That was how Chuck Noland felt. In the award winning film Cast Away, Chuck Noland is living the life, he has an amazing girlfriend who he plans to propose to soon, he is in a good position at work, and everything is going great. Until one day when he gets on a plane for Malaysia for work and a few hundred feet into the flight something happens, the flight mysteriously goes awry and it crashes down somewhere over the Pacific Ocean. Chuck, being the only survivor of the flight, washes up on a deserted island. The months turn into years being still deserted, he learns basic survivor skills and after many failed attempts at rescue. He finds his way back home. The only company he has at the time is a volleyball that washed ashore who he named Wilson (after its brand). This traumatic experience had an effect on his hierarchy of needs, which I will explain throughout this paper. The five different levels of Maslow s Hierarchy ofShow MoreRelatedAbraham Maslow, Was The American Psychologist Who Created2142 Words   |  9 PagesAbraham Maslow, was the American psychologist who created Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This theory talks about the need for personal growth that is present throughout a person s life. Maslow believed that in order to reach self-actualization you had to first have all the bottom parts of the pyramid. You could not move on to self-actualization until you have fulfilled the bottom requirements. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on hu man needs that has five steps and are often shown on a pyramidRead MoreStrategic Action Disney On Consumer Focused Initiative Essay3628 Words   |  15 Pagesculturally diversed employees and the implementation of â€Å"English only please† policy amongst them (Kweh, NA) France †¢ The change of Euro Disney to Paris Disneyland to make more receptive to the French community. †¢ Focused on hiring an outgoing, friendly cast and increasing training †¢ Placement of additional Disney characters throughout the park †¢ Removal of the ban of alcohol †¢ Decrease of the corporate Disney premium on admission, merchandise, hotels and food †¢ Relaxation of the company’s hierarchicalRead MoreEssay on Psychology Theories and Self-Reflection2684 Words   |  11 Pages(response) 3 PSYCHOLOGY THEORIES AND SELF-REFLECTION Cognitive Perspective â€Å"If you believe the saying Perception is everything, then you may well be a cognitivist† (Heffner, 2004). Cognitive theory focuses on thoughts as the basis for an individual‟s emotion and behaviour which in turn is the development of personality; this is one of the most influential modern approaches to psychology. â€Å"Modern cognitive psychologists study how we gather, encode, and store information using a vast array of mentalRead MoreFactors Influencing Employee Motivation6490 Words   |  26 Pagesmarketplace, many companies of all sizes and types are struggling to remain profitable and competitive, and these trends have adversely affected employee job security and employee motivation in turn. Todays employment setting is characterized by the need for specialized skills and technological expertise and employees who possess these valuable attributes are termed gold-collar workers. These valuable emp loyees can make the difference between a successful and an unsuccessful enterprise, so keepingRead MoreCompare and contrast the organization structure and culture of ASDA PLC to that of British Airlines5168 Words   |  21 Pagesengage in? Discuss the impact that different leadership style may have on motivation of ASDA’s staff in periods of changes. LO 3.2. Compare the application of different motivational theories with special reference to ASDA’s employees as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Vroom expectancy theories and McGregor’s theory x and y. Which theory is most applicable and why? LO 3.3. Evaluate the usefulness of a motivational theory for manager. How could a theory like Hertzberg’s motivation theory be useful and relevantRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Church Essay2518 Words   |  11 Pageshonoring a holy lifestyle as best able on Earth including prayer, service, teaching, and tithing. Yet, some of these lessons include, what not to do as a pastor or church member. When a person did not live up to these high ideals, shame was often cast her/his way. Shame stops a person and/or the organization from growing into the person/group God has called him/her/them to be. I have named shame in the church as a huge part of my faith development. Though, I love the church and have dedicatedRead MoreAn Assessment of Employee Motivation as One of the Factors Affecting Employee Job Performance a Case for Sameer Africa Limited, Nyeri Branch7794 Words   |  32 Pagesin all companies is that a motivated employee is a high producer. In today’s workplace many complex and sophisticated plans have been put in place towards this end. Some companies offer a variety of incentives and other programs to meet different needs and expectations of different personalities employed by them. All organizations are concerned with what should be done to achieve sustained high level of performance through people. This means giving close attention to how individuals can best be motivatedRead Moreconflict resolution Essay8130 Words   |  33 PagesThe Dynam ics of Conflict Resolution A Practioners Guide Bernard S. Mayer Chapter One The Nature of Conflict We all are of two minds about conflict. We say that conflict is natural, inevitable, necessary, and normal, and that the problem is not the existence of conflict but how we handle it. But we are also loath to admit that we are in the midst of conflict. Parents assure their children that the ferocious argument the parents are having is not a conflict, just a discussion. OrganizationsRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCongress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, Tenth Edition Arlene G. Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIonRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pages most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizations or having people working for you, in both cases you will be dealing with people. To be understandable and lively means that we need to communicate you. We start every chapter with learning objectives. The most important thing you will get out of this course are the basic skills required to succeed in today’s environment which are, you must be able to communicate, think creatively

Freedom Of The Body Is Different From The Mind Of Life Essay

The Decision to Live Life is full of choices and every judgment is guide upon the factors and forces in person’s life. Freedom of the body is different from the freedom of the mind. Freedom of the body is physical as that of the mind psychological. The life pressures arrive and they start to fill every anxious cell in your body, you can’t consume, but you are being consumed. These life pressures cut across social, political and most importantly economic pressure. People live in life with a constant desire for money and a good life. Moreover, what were once games, cartoons, and women that a child used to know and deeply love turns to grades, money, and future. Every point of life people is faced with tough choices that concern their lives the most. Those people who make good choices celebrate their achievements while the unfortunate falls into misery but life goes on. Life will never slow down, and decisions are constantly made. I guess it starts with one question: What am I going to do with my life? What’s more important than the question is when you ask yourself the question and deeply ponder over the question to the realization of the true meaning of your life. At 19, lounging on my mother’s couch, staring blankly at the television. In deep thought, finally asking myself the question- now that am in my sunset teen, what should I do with my life?-majority of the people can only push the question away for fear of unknown, but eventually, it will overbears all and sundryShow MoreRelatedHow Success Breaks Down Into Life1678 Words   |  7 PagesPaper) How Success Breaks Down Into Life I prefer sitting at a coffee shop to do works or read a favorite book, and sometimes taking idly thoughts and wondering myself, â€Å" How does a rich person define success? Or, that, having lots of money, living in a big house, and owning all of the latest cars, fashions, and technology is the key to happiness, and hence, success ?† I believe that the definition of success is deeply personal and surely will be different for every man. I may have lived only nineteenRead MoreThe Quest For Freedom In The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin713 Words   |  3 PagesFreedom â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!†(paragraph 14) says Louise, a character in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin. Louise continues to repeat this phrase as she believes that her husband is now dead. She is a free woman who may now partake in whatever her heart desires. Usually when a woman becomes a widow she is filled with grief and sadness. Yet, Louise demonstrates otherwise. She is hit with a great amount of freedom rather than the common loneliness a widow experiences. In death, a person’sRead MoreThemes Of Henry David Thoreau925 Words   |  4 Pagesbeautiful world around them and take it in, it is hard not to be amazed. Nature is the world around us such as plants, animals, ocean, and mounting. Centrally, he focuses on the relationship between nature and wildness, civilization, culture and the freedom in nature. Also, he thought deeply about nature and how can affects our self when we are alone. He extremely exaggeration, he trying to hang up and woul d attract us. The author could show us the beauty of human relationship attraction and the differenceRead More2. The Search For Meaning And The Idea Of Freedom. . Frankl1357 Words   |  6 PagesIdea of Freedom Frankl supports the idea that humans are ultimately free and is the ultimate achievement for man. Even in the most terrible circumstances, a person still has the freedom to choose how they see their outcome and what kind of meaning they are going to take away from the situation. Frankl believes that there is a kind of freedom that can never be stolen from a person no matter how ruthless the situation. Frankl wrestled with the questions of where does one find the meaning of life, theRead MoreMary Wollstonecraft s A Vindication Of The Rights Of Woman1489 Words   |  6 PagesReflective Journal Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Mary Wollstonecraft considered as a remarkable women activists and an English writer of 18th century. In her essay, she constantly compares men and women. Her comparisons range from their physical nature to their intelligence and even down to the education that each sex receives is commendable. Wollstonecraft said that, â€Å"In the government of the physical world it is observable that the female in point of strength is, in generalRead MoreTomas Kirklin. English 260. Paul Acosta. 5/9/17. Paper1522 Words   |  7 Pages5/9/17 Paper 3: Representing the body in Slavery Central to the experience to slavery is the body. Every tale, every Movie, and every story you have ever heard has concentrated on the slave and their body either with detail of how scared it is or what color and features it represents. And this is one mode of stripping a human being of their humanity, to reduce their existence to only their body and give them nothing else to look at or look forward to. Only having your body to look forward to, or onlyRead MorePlato And The Matrix Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"The Matrix† and Plato’s Phaedo and Republic questions of what makes up a whole and fulfilling life are answered. Both The Matrix and Plato provide alternate forms of reality, one that is based on truth and is fulfilling and one that is based on a false reality that offers false forms of fulfillment. The Matrix and Plato show the difference of living a life in a true reality and a â€Å"fake† reality where everything inside this reality is fake making the lives inside this reality fake. True educationRead MoreThis Course Has Expanded My Mind In Ways I Never Believed1668 Words   |  7 PagesThis course has expanded my mind in ways I never believed possible. The things that I have learned in this course have made me question and really think over my own thoughts and beliefs. There are many things that I have learned and many things that will serve a purpose and have a meaning in my life and in my education forever. Philosophy is such a broad subject and covers many ways of thinking. I have learned about so many things such as, metaphysics, the mind-body problem, the existence of godRead MoreHumanistic Psychology Essay examples1165 Words   |  5 PagesIn general, human nature consists of three main parts: the mind (intellect), the body (biological makeup) and the spirit (emotional makeup). As the mind and the body are being well explored in behaviorism and psychoanalysis, the spirit of a person has been increasingly popu lar from the mid-20th century. In the early 1960s, a movement named third-force psychology started as a reaction to the defect of behaviorism and psychoanalysis to deal fully with the human condition (Hergenhahn, 2008). ThisRead MoreThe Man Behind The Therapy Victor E. Frankl, And How It Works711 Words   |  3 Pagesstudent, Frankl was involved in Socialist youth organizations and became interested in psychiatry. At age 16 he began writing to Freud, and on one occasion sent him a short paper, which was published three years later, Frankl earned a medical degree from the University of Vienna in 1930 and was put in charge of a Vienna hospital ward for the treatment of females who had attempted suicide. When Germany seized control of Austria eight years later, the Nazis made Frankl head of the Rothschild Hospital

Living Life to Its Fullest--Andrew Marvell’s Poem, “to His...

Living Life to its Fullest â€Å"Carpe diem† is a Latin phrase that is commonly translated as â€Å"seize the day.† Many poems contain ideas that are similar to that of carpe diem. They discuss how one must cherish every moment of his or her life because life is limited and will eventually come to an end. Andrew Marvell’s poem, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† is an example of a carpe diem themed poem. Through the use of invigorating imagery, multiple tones, and thought-provoking metaphors Marvell develops an allegory for living every second of life to its fullest. Marvell uses visual imagery to advocate the idea that every life is limited and must come to an end. Imagery such as â€Å"My echoing song; then worms shall try† (Marvell 27) makes one†¦show more content†¦This metaphor is emphasizing the idea that if one waits to long to take action then he or she may lose the chance to act on his or her desires. Furthermore, a metaphor that r eveals the brevity of life is â€Å"Thus, though we cannot make our sun / Stand still, yet we will make it run† (Marvell 45-46). This metaphor describes how time is always moving. It is expressing the idea that one needs to make the most out of the time he or she has because time itself cannot be stopped. Marvell’s poem expresses the idea of carpe diem through the utilization of imagery, multiple tones and metaphors. He uses death as an argument for carpe diem because it causes one to realize that they should cherish the life they have now before it is too late. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† shows that the society of Marvell’s time did not allow for people to take chances in their lives. Many people may have passed on taking certain risks in their lives, and when the time did come for their lives to end, they were filled with thoughts containing wishes of taking those risks they passed over. This poem teaches people to fully live every moment in their life and it should be read so that people can learn to live life with no regrets. Works Cited Marvell, Andrew. To His Coy Mistress. The Hudson Book of Poetry: 150 Poems worth Reading. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. 17-18.Show MoreRelated To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesTo His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Andrew Marvell is considered a cavalier poet. He writes seduction poems that represent characteristics of cavalier poets through use of clever, witty, and developed lyrics. Marvells To His Coy Mistress is a seduction poem that contains these elements along with the use of rhyme, meter, imagery, and tone. Marvell creates a seduction poem that argues the desire for sexual gratification with a distinct aggressive tone. To begin with the speaker in theRead MoreEssay on The Four Periods of Literature1518 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication methods used. There are four major literary time periods, the values of each of these, and their authors will be discussed. The first time period is authors who rejoiced in the basic joys of life. The next period saw authors realizing that life is short and must be enjoyed to the fullest. The third period influenced authors to begin taking new roads and creating literature that had never before existed. The fourth and final period in the discussion, men began to realize the destructive

The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory.

Question: Discuss about the The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory. Answer: Revisiting the conceptual framework Reason for Principles-based standards requiring a conceptual framework The FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) and IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) holds the responsibility of establishing accounting standards for financial accounting and reporting. The FASB and IASB are sharing a common goal for developing accounting standards to be principles-based. The current accounting standards are mainly based on conventions and thus there exist a requirement of financial accounting standards to be based on fundamental accounting concepts and principles. The accounting standards of FASB and IASB are currently based on a set of rules and conventions in order to enhance accuracy and reducing ambiguity in the preparation of financial statements. On the other hand, principles-based accounting standards are based mainly on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that will provide a conceptual basis for accountants in financial reporting. There is a wide debate on the current accounting standards of IASB and FASB to be based on principles based or rules-based (Camfferman and Zeff, 2015). The current objective of FASB and IASB is to develop conceptual framework for accounting that are principles-based to ensure good financial reporting. The main advantage of principles-based accounting to be used in conceptual framework is that accounting reporting guidelines are practically based to aid accountants for ensuring good reporting. The principles-based accounting standards will help in ensuring that financial statements prepared are reliable and publish consistent information to be used in decision-making. Thus, the conceptual framework of the board should be based on body of principles that guides the accounting and reporting standards (Wolk, 2008). Importance of IASB and FASB sharing a common conceptual framework IASB and FASB should share a common conceptual framework for refinement, updating, completing and converging IASB and FASB accounting standards. The conceptual framework of IASB and FASB were established in the 1970s and 1980s and therefore requires refinement and updation. The FASB and IASB are recently aiming to converge their accounting standards for overcoming the difficulties that can arise if the decisions are based on different frameworks. The convergence of accounting standards would help in establishing clear and appropriate accounting principles that helps in developing accurate financial statements (Epstein, 2009). The IASB and FASB are presently undertaking a common project for developing an improved conceptual framework that is based on common standards for removing inconsistency in financial reporting. The convergence of IASB and FASB will help in new accounting standards that are based on generally accepted accounting principles in order to enhance reliability and tran sparency of financial reporting. Also, the convergence will aid in updating the conceptual framework so that financial information presented to the stakeholders is helpful in analysing and examining the financial stability of a firm (Epstein, 2009). The IASB and FASB have initiated a joint project with the main agenda of converge their accounting standards to remove inconsistency existing in financial accounting reporting standards. The business organisations around the world would gain large benefit from convergence of IASB and FASB accounting standards as there will be less ambiguity in reporting standards to be followed while developing financial statements. The reliability of financial statements developed by businesses around the world would increase in case of following one universally accepted accounting standard. The accounting representations of business organisations around the world will be more complete, neutral and error-free. The faithful representation of the accounting information to the stakeholders would increase with the convergence of IASB and FASB accounting rules and principles (Macve, 2015). Conceptual Framework is more important to some parties than others The primary purpose of the conceptual framework is to assist the preparation and presentation of financial reports by business organisations around the world. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have stated that the main purpose of the conceptual framework is to aid IASB in develop accounting standards that will be used by businesses worldwide in accounting and financial reporting. The IASB develop accounting policies from the guidelines of revised conceptual framework that helps in understanding and interpretation of financial statements prepared by businesses across the world. The revised conceptual framework also assists several parties other than IASB in providing better understanding of the accounting policies and standards (Stolowy and Lebas, 2006). The most important user of the conceptual framework is IASB as it consistently uses its concepts in developing and revisiting accounting standards. However, some parties other than IASB also gain the help of conceptual framework in developing an understanding of the accounting standards and policies. This is because conceptual framework provides a basic understanding and interpretation of the accounting policies used in developing of financial statements. For examples, auditors and regulators uses conceptual framework at the time of decision-making during reviewing the financial statements of business organisations. The IFRS committee also gains the help of conceptual framework guidelines for developing an understanding of the financial statements. Thus, it can be stated that several parties uses conceptual framework guidelines but it is more important to IASB than other parties (Mazhambe, 2014). Cross-Cutting Issue and its examples The cross-cutting issue in accounting refers to take into account uncertainty during the measurement of an asset or liability. The uncertainty arises when as asset or liability is assessed by analysing future cash flows or when future cash flows are uncertain. The conceptual framework presents the guidelines on use of cash flow information in order to provide fair value of an asset or liability during preparation of financial reports. The possible example of cross-cutting issue is measuring the unit of account. This refers whether the items should be measured in aggregation or individually. Other example of cross-cutting issue includes accounting of direct acquisition costs as an asset in insurance industry. However, the U.S. has introduced changes about the type of costs to be included as asset and that to be included as expenditure. The accounting of acquisitions costs is a major cross-cutting issue for the insurers as they incur a huge cost in acquiring and originating insurance c ontracts. Thus, there is high debate over the accounting of acquisition costs so that it can be recovered during cash flows. The most important point of discussion in accounting of acquisition costs its meeting the criteria of an asset (Camfferman and Zeff, 2015). The trend toward fair value accounting Fundamental problem with financial statements based upon historic cost measurement principle under US GAAP Historic cost in accounting refers to the value of an asset based on its initial cost at the time of its purchase. The historic cost of an asset denotes its price on the balance sheet that is entirely based on its nominal or original cost. The method of historic costing is used mainly in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The historic cost method of accounting does not take into account inflated adjusted market value and only record an asset based on its initial purchase price. This method of accounting has been criticised by accountants over a period of time as it does not reflect the present market value of an asset. The main problem with financial statements that are based on historic cost measurement principle under US GAAP is that it does not depict any change in market value of an asset over a period of time. Thus, the financial statements prepared with the use of historic accounting method have a major problem of lack of relevance. The financial statements cannot predict the relevant information about the future growth and profitability of an enterprise though the use of historic cost measurement principle. The investors cannot analyse and examine the real financial condition of an enterprise through the use of historic cost accounting as the assets are valued on past values under this method. Thus, the method of historic cost accounting though being a simplistic accounting method is not very useful as the financial information depicted is not reliable for the end-users (Jones, 2015). Analysis of principle accounts must reflect economic reality as a core principle of measurement in accounting The financial reporting of business organisations must faithfully present economic reality in order to safeguard the interest of stakeholders. The introduction of a principle-based system will help in developing financial reports that truly present the economic reality of the business transactions. In this context, it is essential that financial statements should be prepared through the use of fair value accounting method rather than historic cost measurement principle. The core principle of measurement in accounting should be based on reflecting economic reality so that financial reports reflect the true financial condition of an organisation to the end-users. The auditors, investors and all the stakeholders can gain clear information about the market reality with the use of such an accounting principle. The use of principle-based accounting standards will truly represent the economics of transaction and thus help in tracking a real interpretation of economic reality. The true and faithful presentation of the economic information through financial reporting would also help in sound judgement taken by management for improving the financial condition of the organisation. Thus, the principle accounts must reflect economic reality as a core principle of measurement in accounting should be used in order to depict the real economic condition of an organisation through financial reporting (Greenberg, 2013). Measuring Economic Reality Economic reality plays a highly important role in establishing of accounting standards and practices. The IASB and FASB are presently sharing a common goal of revising the conceptual framework for updating and revisiting the accounting standards and policies. In this context, the main objective of FASB and IASB is to incorporate the use of principles-based accounting standards in conceptual framework. The establishment of principle-based accounting standards will promote faithful presentation of economic reality in accounting and financial reporting. The economic reality can be measured through the use of fair value accounting method under GAAP by the IASB and FASB (Mazhambe, 2014). The fair value method of accounting reflects the true market value of an asset and thus helps the end-users to develop an in-depth understanding of the economic condition of financial market. The fair value accounting method will provide a clear display of the actual volatility in the market and thus prov iding a better understanding of the economic transactions to the investors and auditors. The establishment of principles-based accounting standards that incorporates the use of fair value measurement principle would promote transparent disclosure of financial information to the end-users. Also, it would help in developing the confidence of investors in financial reports through the depiction of actual economic condition of an organisation and thus promoting its future growth and profitability (Jones, 2015). Reliability in Accounting Reliability in accounting refers to presentation of verified and consistent financial information to the end-users that is free from any error. The reliability principle of accounting states that financial statements should present true, reliable and relevant financial information to the stakeholders of an organisation. The principle in accounting states that only those accounting transactions should be recorded in the accounting system that can be verified completely with the objective evidence. The financial information presented through financial reporting is believed to be materially accurate if it truly represents the economic condition of an organisation. Thus, reliability in accounting usually refers to trustworthiness of the financial statements. The accounting reliability means that financial information presented to the end-users consistently provide the same financial outcomes (Maali and Jaara, 2014). The principal of reliability in accounting is mainly introduced with the objective of reduction of errors and omitting misstatements of financial information presented before the investors and creditors. In addition to this, the principle of reliability in accounting also refers that financial information presented to the end-users can be verified with objective evidence. The most common example of objective evidence includes purchase receipts, cancelled cheques and bank statements. The financial information published in financial reports must be error-free and accurate so that it serves the purpose with which it is has been developed (Maali and Jaara, 2014). Disclosure of Environmental liability Companies should record a provision in relation to environment costs of retiring an asset as per the US standard setter The business organisations operating in the U.S. are currently facing environmental legislation for minimising the environmental damage done by the companies. Business operating in the U.S. is expected to maintain environmental compliance for ensuring environment protection. In this context, the US standard setter FASB has adopted a provision in relation to environmental costs of retiring an asset for reserving environmental liabilities if its fair value can be reasonably estimated. The major difficulty faced by the businesses regarding estimating an accounting provision is recognition of environmental liabilities. The environment liabilities presents difficulty in financial reporting due to uncertainties associated with it in the nature of contingencies (Uzochukwu, et al., 2009). The difficulty in assessing a fair market value of the environment liability caused the business organisations to postpone the recognition of their environmental liability. However, later FASB has implement ed strict litigation for the business organisations to reserve for environment liabilities even in the condition of uncertainty. For example, an asbestos-contaminated factory is required to have sufficient reserves for covering the environmental damage that can occur due to asbestos. Companies have to incur huge cost for achieving environmental compliance as they have to display millions of dollars in their income statements for covering environment liabilities. Thus, companies have to estimate the provision relating to environment liabilities by taking into account adequate reserves for covering the environment damage (Wolk, 2008). Requirements for US companies to defer recognition of a liability The US companies defer their liability in relation to recognition of an environment liability by mothballing a contaminated property. The FASB has issued provisions in the year 2002 for accounting environment liabilities in relation to the retirement of an asset if its market value can be reasonably estimated. The conditional nature of estimating a fair market value of assets being retired from service has caused the businesses to defer their liability indefinitely by taking proper reserves against a contaminated property. The retirement of assets such as manufacturing facilities or parts of facilities in business organisations requires to be taken into account as environment liability. Thus, the main requirement for US companies to defer recognition of a liability is that fair value of a retiring asset should be estimated properly (Stolowy and Lebas, 2006). Impact of recognition of a liability in relation to future restoration activity on Net Profit in current and future years The recognition of an environment liability requires business organisations to take proper reserves for minimising the environmental damage that can occur in the future. Thus, as per the litigation implemented by the FASB business organisations have to incur million of dollars for restoring environmental damage that can occur with the recognition of a liability in future. Thus, net profit for the current year is negatively impacted with huge expenditure of a business corporation in deferring an environment liability. However, the business organisations after taking into account adequate reserves against an environmental liability can minimise the occurrence of a contingency condition. Thus, the future net profit is expected to increase with the implementation of proper measures for restoring environment damage in a business corporation (Wolk, 2008). Cash flow in the current and future years As discussed above, the net profit in the current year will decrease with the recognition of an environmental liability as companies have to incur high cost for maintain adequate reserves against the recognised liability. The reduction in net profit is estimated to decrease the present cash flow position of the current year. On the other hand, future cash flows is expected to increase with the rise in net profit in future years. Importance of companies recognising environment liability and extent of disclosure being liability sufficient The environment legislation has proliferated at the federal, state and local levels with the increase of environment damage caused by business operations. Businesses worldwide now have to obtain environmental compliance for ensuring environment protection by their operational activities. The companies must recognise their environment liability for addressing the issues relating to environmental protection and thus protecting it from any damage that can occur due to release of hazardous substances into the environment (Rogers, 2005). The recognition of an environmental liability is important so that companies can take into account adequate reserves for covering the environmental damage. It is important for companies to identify environment liability for minimising the occurrence of a future contingency that can negatively impact its sustainability and growth (Uzochukwu, et al., 2009). The recognition of environment liability will also help business companies to take into consideration the environment hazards associated with its operational activities. Thus, the business companies can take measures in advance that will help in missing the chances of occurrence of environmental hazards and thus ensuring environment protection. The proper accounting of environment liability also help business companies to promote their goodwill in the international market and thus increasing brand awareness. The recognition of an environment liability is not easy due to unknown damage associated with it. The business companies should therefore maintain proper financial reserves for environment liabilities so that environment hazards can be prevented from the occurrence. The FASB has also implemented litigation that business companies should follow in order to safeguard environment protection from their operational activities. In addition to this, the business organisations should als o comply with the environmental laws and regulations in order to safeguard from any environment damage. The disclosure about the environment liability is sufficient to an extent for business companies that its fair value is estimated in the income statement of a company (Uzochukwu, et al., 2009). References Camfferman, K. and Zeff, S.A. 2015. Aiming for Global Accounting Standards: The International Accounting Standards Board, 2001-2011. OUP Oxford. Epstein, B.J. 2009. Wiley GAAP 2010: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. John Wiley Sons. Greenberg, M. 2013. Fair Value Accounting, Historical Cost Accounting, and Systemic Risk: Policy Issues and Options for Strengthening Valuation and Reducing Risk. Rand Corporation. Jones, S. 2015. The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory. Routledge. Maali, B. and Jaara, O. 2014. Reality and Accounting: The Case for Interpretive Accounting Research. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 4(1), 155-168. Macve, R. 2015. A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat? Routledge. Mazhambe, Z. 2014. Review of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Proposed New Conceptual Framework. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 10 (8), 835-845. Rogers, G. 2005. Financial Reporting of Environmental Liabilities and Risks after Sarbanes-Oxley. John Wiley Sons. Stolowy, H. and Lebas, M. 2006. Financial Accounting and Reporting: A Global Perspective. Cengage Learning EMEA. Unegbu, A. O. 2014. Theories of Accounting: Evolution Developments, Income Determination and Diversities in Use. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 5 (19), 1-15. Uzochukwu, G. et al. 2009. Proceedings of the 2007 National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology. Springer Science Business Media. Whittington, G. 2008. Fair Value and the IASB/FASB Conceptual Framework Project: An Alternative View. ABACUS 44 (2), 139-168. Wolk, H. I. 2008. Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. SAGE.

A Look At The Critical Understanding Of Law Social Work Essay Essay Example

A Look At The Critical Understanding Of Law Social Work Essay Essay There are legion Acts of the Apostless and counsel that need to be considered which make this a complicated exercising. The first is the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act, 1970 s1 which requires local governments to be cognizant of the figure of handicapped people in their boundary in order to program and develop proviso of services. Furthermore, under s46 of the National Health Service and Community Care Act, 1990 they have a duty to print a program of community attention services provided. As Mr B is the carer, the Carers ( Equal Opportunities ) Act, 2004 requires Countyshire to inform him of his entitlement to a Carer s appraisal ( Wilson et al, 2008 ) . Whilst Mr A lived with his brother, Countyshire would hold a statutory responsibility under the NHSCCA ( 1990 ) and the Carers ( Recognition and Services ) Act, 1995 to measure Mr B s demands as chief carer for his brother as Mr B is ordinary occupant at that place. The Carers and Disabled Children Act ( 2000 ) gives Mr B the right to bespeak an appraisal even if Mr A is non involved with attention services. Local Authority Circular ( 2004 ) 24 s2 lineations good pattern for Mr B s engagement in his brother s assessment procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on A Look At The Critical Understanding Of Law Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Look At The Critical Understanding Of Law Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Look At The Critical Understanding Of Law Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For Mr A, under s47 of the NHSCCA ( 1990 ) , Countyshire would hold a statutory responsibility to measure his demands while he was populating with his brother and a farther responsibility under the policy counsel, Fair Access to Care Services 2002, issued under s7 ( 1 ) of the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970, to make up ones mind within a sensible clip, what community attention services should be provided to run into his demands ( DOH, 2010 ) . The statute law is complex for supplying services, including adjustment, for Mr A. There are overlapping and conflicting duties and a elaborate history for Mr A is missing. This highlights the demand for a thorough appraisal by a Social Worker and the appropriate sharing of information between the local governments concerned. Because support attention is expensive governments may conceal behind the complexness of the jurisprudence to hedge their duty. As Mr A was detained under s37 of the Mental Health Act, 1983 ( as amended by Mental Health Act, 2007 ) he would, upon go forthing infirmary under s117 MHA ( 1983 ) , receive free after-care services for his mental wellness for every bit long as is required. As Mr A was detained in Ashire, that Local Authority, Local Health Board and Primary Care Trust are responsible for financing any after-care services ( DOH, 2008 and Barber et Al, 2009 ) . After-care services under s117 of MHA ( 1989 ) would non be withdrawn from Mr A if he declined them, or Ashire discharged him from attention. Even if Mr A was good settled in the community, he may go on to necessitate after-care services in instance of backsliding or mental wellness impairment. They would merely be withdrawn if Ashire local authorization, Mr A and the PCT agreed that he no longer needed them ( DOH, 2008 ) . If such an understanding was made by Ashire so Mr A would be unable to acquire after-care free under s117 of MHA ( 1989 ) but would necessitate to be assessed under s47 of the NHSCCA ( 1990 ) for Countyshire to supply attention under the National Assistance Act ( 1948 ) . The MHA ( 1983 ) does non specify what aftercare is, nevertheless it is accompanied by a Code of Practice, 2008, which, although non statutory is regarded as counsel, as confirmed in the instance of R ( Munjaz ) V Mersey Care NHS Trust ( 2005 ) ( Brammer, 2010 and Barber et Al, 2009 ) . The Code of Practice under 27.13 provides a list of countries to be considered in an appraisal which the Social Worker, with Mr A, should include in the written after attention program ( DOH, 2008 ) . There have been legion differences between local governments over the definition of ordinary occupant, within s24 of the NAA ( 1948 ) , and occupant in s117 ( 3 ) of the MHA ( 1993 ) , and, hence, which authorization is responsible for funding a individual s residential attention. The recent publication Ordinary Residence by the Department of Health and the instance of R ( on the application of M ) v. London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham and Another ; R ( on the application of Hertfordshire County Council ) v. London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham ( 2010 ) have provided lucidity and counsel for pattern confirming that for the intents of s117 MHA ( 1983 ) afterAÂ ­care, s24 ( 5 ) of the NAA ( 1948 ) does non use ( RadclifeLeBrasseur, 2010 ) . In the instance of Mr A, if he is still under s117 MHA ( 1989 ) the responsibility to supply after-care services, including adjustment, would stay with Ashire as the local authorization where he was detained even though he is populating i n Countyshire ( DOH, 2010 ) . Countyshire, under s24 ( 3 ) of the NAA ( 1948 ) , ab initio placed Mr A in the residential place to supply reprieve for his brother. The place is registered for occupants with dementedness and physical disablements. Upon the determination to remain at that place for good, Countyshire would hold a common responsibility to re-assess Mr A to guarantee the place is appropriate for his demands. If it is non portion of Mr A s attention program to supply appropriate adjustment for his mental wellness so Countyshire would necessitate to fund his adjustment, under s21 of the NAA ( 1948 ) . Mr A would besides run into the standards under the NAA ( 1948 ) s29 ( 1 ) for his domiciliary attention services to be provided by the local authorization. NAA ( 1948 ) s29 ( 4 ) with LAC ( 93 ) 10 besides outlines what attention services should be considered and s2 of the CSDPA ( 1970 ) gives the local authorization the power and responsibility to supply such services. If the adjustment is provided for M r A s wellness demands, the NHS are responsible as the local authorization is non able to supply wellness services as defined in s21 ( 8 ) NAA ( 1948 ) . If Mr A funded his ain adjustment he would be classed as a self-funder and require an ordinary abode with Countyshire, in line with the settled intent trial in Shah v London Borough of Barnet ( 1983 ) . NAA ( 1948 ) s22 ( 2 ) allows Countyshire to bear down Mr A for the adjustment. When transporting out the fiscal appraisal they must utilize the National Assistance ( Assessment of Resources ) Regulations ( 1992 ) in concurrence with Charging For Residential Accommodation Guide, which is updated yearly ( DOH, 2010 ) . At present there is no specific statute law in England for vulnerable grownup protection. The jurisprudence modulating the safeguarding of vulnerable grownups is taken from a figure of comparatively recent policies, counsel and instance jurisprudence ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ) . Safeguarding has merely late become recognised as an country of work in its ain right. It is an progressively of import portion of a Social Worker s duties, as policy and counsel has given societal service governments the lead function in covering with safeguarding issues ( Mandelstam, 2008 ) . The local authorization as a public organic structure, under the Human Rights Act 1998 s6, has a responsibility of attention towards its citizens, to protect them from injury and continue their human rights ( Braye, 2010 ) . In Z and others v UK ( 2001 ) the European Court of Human Rights found the local authorization to be in misdemeanor of s6 ( 3 ) HRA ( 1998 ) , holding failed to take sensible stairss to forestall serious ill-treatment when they were cognizant of maltreatment ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ) . Safeguarding Adults processs should be put in topographic point, in line with HRA ( 1998 ) , to back up a individual to populate a life that is free from maltreatment and disregard ( ADASS, 2005 ) . As the local authorization has been made cognizant of Mr A s recent behavior towards the other occupants it is of import that they appoint an Investigating Officer and take sensible stairss to forestall any maltreatment. The Care Standards Act, 2000 criterion 18, stipulates that local governments and attention places must hold a written safeguarding policy which would use to Ashire, Countyshire and the private attention place. Besides in 2000, the Department of Health published the No Secrets policy papers, which provides counsel to local governments on how to protect vulnerable grownups and implement policies to protect them. The policy requires local governments to hold written multi bureau safeguarding processs and policies ( Brammer, 2010 ) . No Secrets is regarded as statutory counsel because the LASSA ( 1970 ) , s7 requires a local authorization to move under such counsel. The instance of R v Islington LBC, ex p Rixon ( 1996 ) , demonstrated that an authorization is moving unlawfully if they deviate from the counsel ( Mandelstram, 2008 ) . The Association of Directors of Social Services in 2004, published the Protocol For Inter-Authority Investigation Of Vulnerable Adult Abuse. This protocol with mention to s3.8 of No Secrets ( 2000 ) and National Assistance Act 1948 LAC ( 93 ) 7, clarified the duty and actions of the host and puting local governments with respects to safeguarding. In the instance of Mr A, although the residential place contacted Ashire, it would be the duty of Countyshire, as the host local authorization, to take the lead in safeguarding processs. However, a nexus individual from Ashire would be invited to go to any grownup protection scheme meeting, if it is the local authorization funding his adjustment, as it would still be expected to hold a responsibility of go oning attention for Mr A ( 2004: 1-2 ) . In 2005, ADASS published Safeguarding Adults, supplying a national model for good pattern in grownup protection work, including giving clear clip frames, multi bureau working and inside informations of duties ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ; Brammer, 2010 ) . Whilst following safeguarding processs it is of import for the local authorization to maintain to the Data Protection Act, 1998. However, No Secrets states, It is inappropriate for bureaus to give confidences of absolute confidentiality in instances where there are concerns about maltreatment, peculiarly in those state of affairss when other vulnerable people may be at hazard ( 2000: 24 ) . A unfavorable judgment of the No Secrets policy is that vulnerable grownups are defined as people in demand of community attention services who are unable to protect themselves from abuse so it does non take into consideration people who do non necessitate community attention services ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ) . Safeguarding Adults model introduced the term safeguarding and moved off from the description of protection and vulnerable ( Brayne and Carr, 2010 ) . ADASS defined Safeguarding Adults as, This phrase means all work which enables an grownup who is or may be eligible for community attention services to retain independency, wellbeing and pick and to entree their human right to populate a life that is free from maltreatment and disregard ( 2005: 5 ) . Using the ADASS definition, the vulnerable grownups in this instance, would be Mr A, and all the other occupants in the residential place, given his current and old behavior. As Mr A is shacking at a private residential attention place, the place, along with the local authorization, will be regulated by The CSA, 2000, supported by National Minimum Standards. Standard 18 of the NMS provinces that the registered individual at the attention place demands to guarantee that service users are safeguarded from maltreatment ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ; Brammer, 2010 ) . The registered individual and perchance other attention staff from the place would, hence, be invited to the safeguarding scheme meeting. Under the Care Homes Regulations 2001, it is the duty of the attention place registered individual to inform the Care Quality Commission ( CQC ) of any suspected maltreatment ( Brammer, 2010 ) . Hampshire County Council Safeguarding Policy states that although the CQC should be informed and invited to a safeguarding scheme meeting, it is non routinely necessary for them to go to ( 2010: 52 ) . However, following the CQC Safeguarding Protocol Procedures they should supply any relevant information for the meeting ( 2010: 11 ) . Safeguarding Adults model provide counsel on constabulary engagement ; if a offense is alleged to hold taken topographic point so they should be involved every bit shortly as possible and make up ones mind whether they will be taking action ( 2005: 34 ) . However, as Mr A has committed no offense, the constabulary may non necessitate to be invited to a scheme meeting. The care-co-ordinator, head-shrinker and GP for Mr A would be invited to go to a scheme meeting ( Dorset For You, 2007 ) . If a safeguarding appraisal scheme is decided at the scheme meeting, Mr A, as he is deemed to hold mental capacity, could besides be involved with the appraisal procedure and his positions taken into history. However, Countyshire must move to continue the human rights of all citizens and as other occupants potentially are at hazard, this responsibility will take precedency ( ADASS, 2005 ) . The instance of Mr A has shown that although local authorization societal services have a legal responsibility and duty to supply, fund and safeguard the most suited attention, this is a complex undertaking affecting an apprehension of overlapping and conflicting duties, from a broad scope of primary statute law, secondary statute law, waies, counsel and instance Torahs ( Wilson et al, 2008 ) . The instance of Mr A supports the Law Commission s current work to make, under one act, a consistent legal model for the proviso of grownup societal attention similar to the Children Act, 1989 ( Law Commission, 2010 ) . Word Count: 2196

Tom Brennan notes Essay Example

Tom Brennan notes Essay Example Tom Brennan notes Essay Tom Brennan notes Essay Toms letter- sentences- maybe you could go to a councilor or talk to someone outside of the family to help you cope Its not your fault mum, you did nothing wrong to cause this I feel Like kylie is punching me away, the whole family changed. We are all here when the time comes, when you are ready to start again. I miss the way our family was before the accident. I am making friends with the guys on the football team, they are a nice bunch of blokes. You are missing out on so much of my life and it hurts that you dont care. Chapter 4 His legs had wasted to long pieces of bone wrapped in shiny skin. (p. 61) If I was Fin- Maybe Itll come back, first my toes then my legs. What if it doesnt though? Daniel didnt know what he was doing, but he still conscious and hes the only one I can blame. I dont think I can forgive him. What am I going to do with my life now? I cant play footy, cricket, swim, and even write. Ive got future of endless misery for trying to help my mate. Why me? Chapter 5- Tom Is really upset by Daniels behavior towards him at the beach. Write his diary entry for that day. The silence. The darkness. Vive seen it before, the night of the crash. I saw the anger in his eyes. Man sometimes Daniel annoys me It haunts my memories even today The moment I saw him my heart sunk Memories that make me hurt make me want to cry We were able to have able of a Joke and a laughs together, but It wants the same It never will be. Im always In danger when Im with Daniel. Daniel would be so but better without his temper. Daniel likes his privacy, I shouldnt have told Brendan. He always takes his anger out on me He kept me under the water for ages. I thought I was going to die. Chapter 6- Activity: Discuss whether Kylies reaction to her situation is the way most teenagers would 0 respond. Discuss how the class would have dealt with Tees. Could Tom have done anything Tot help her? Activity 1- All Individuals react In a different way, there Is no average way to respond to hidden away; others block it out and move on. In her situation where she meets new friends and Just tries to start a new life to fit in and forget I think its a healthier way to respond even though the rebellious attitude she has adopted is impacting on her and others negatively she is at least confronting it. Activity 2- In this situation Tom could have tried to help and become more understanding but he himself is trying to find a way to deal with his emotions and past. Chapter 7- Activities: You are a psychologist who has been assigned to help Tees in the days following The accident. Write the report you would make on her emotional state. Discuss Tallboys recommendations should Daniel have pleaded guilty or not Guilty? Activity 1- Tees has seen the stages of denial, remorse, sadness and uncertainty. Her progress has been negative as she tries to get a grasp on what has happened and how the community is responding as days before the accident her family was respected and liked. Now they face the families and friends of the 2 children her son had killed. Activity 2- Considering the statements that the witnesses made the options for denials plead were restricted. To face the court and have an honest testament the court would see his remorse and character before his actions maybe giving him a better option for his future. If he pleads not guilty and the evidence is against him the sentence will be much larger, the families inflicted will be angrier and the character of Daniel will be compromised. Chapter 8- In small groups, compare Tom how is emotionally at this stage with how he was at the beginning of the story. Is there any change? At the beginning of the story he was cared and confused as he was pushing his car out the driveway to escape the gaze of the neighbors. This is slightly contrasted with his more developed character by chapter 8 where he starts to put things together and realize why everything happened. He is still emotionally unstable because of the event and what had happened to him, his family and the community but his understanding and progression of the realization of it seems to be developing through the next few chapters. He now takes control, gets along with life, accepting yet still hiding and burying it below his new life. Gets back into footy ND running, his old life. JOURNEY INTO THE WORLD) My short Journey to next year. At this stage in my life with study, work, social life, hobbies, adulthood and other interests its hard to hold it all on one plate, to balance the workload and find the priorities. The Journey mainly involves study up until the end of the HAS hopefully, if I can find a routine and beyond that its all about work, friends, alcohol and parties. Len- between those I should be looking into my future as fair as nun and career goes but at the moment my main concerns are on going well in school but not forgetting the things that make me happy. Although all these things are most important for my study, work, school and sleep. To still have a sense of adventure in-between all the hassles of senior life. Chapter 9 the legend of the Brenna Brothers In the last 2 years these two remarkable brothers have almost carried their footy team towards the win. Along with the help of their teammates and rivals to motivate them they have blown away the competition with their brotherly instinct out on the field. They say the strongest bond is love, but there is one stronger than Just love, love and brotherhood. In the recent season that has Just passed the two have said heir intention for the next season, to make it a trisects, no team has done it before and I have, their family has and the community has high expectations for their future. Chapter II- 6 lines on reasonable assumption It wasnt a reasonable assumption by tom but because of his state of mind in the time this line was said its understandable. He didnt take into account the opinions and perspectives of the people in the town and his familys view of how they should react. It was more of an emotional response than a conscious one, making the reaction usually more heated and unstable. Lines on a discussion of dawns future. For Daniel I believe his future is looking to be that of progressive. From the news of his condition in goal and how he is helping other inmates he is already on the way to his new life outside of goal. I believe that his journey will have foundations around his family and final maintenance by the people he posit ions himself around. Chapter 12 6 lines to say I dont think it is fair for the whole family to be blamed for Daniels actions but that is the reality with their circumstance in their community. I think from what has been stated up to this point that the blame shouldnt go towards the whole family. That is what one persons downfall. Although I think it shouldnt be shared by the family its almost better that way so we can see the development and reaction of each individual character. Chapter 13 Kylie speech Good morning my fellow Chill classmates. Today I am going to talk to you about a very serious Chapter 14 Journal entries. (3) Journal entry 1- Going out for dinner, I thought itll be a change from eating hard boiled meatloaf all joining us though. Crisis, the goddess who walked among us. I was so nervous. The start of the night went salamander, I was interrupted naked and burnt as I was herring, but in a way it was good. The rest of the night went well, Just Jokes and laughs. Id forgotten all about my nervousness of the glistening beauty of Crisis and it Just seemed like it was a normal dinner with mates. It was an amazing night, seemed like old times, Entry 2- Heading off to the footy camp I had very low expectations for the resulting week but it didnt mean we couldnt have a bit of a social thing. These boys couldnt catch a cold but it started out to be a lot of fun. I tried teaching them a few moves that Daniel and I use to do, killer tactics they were but it didnt work out. I was beginning to get bait upset because from the years past footy camps were all about learning new things, refining our skills and fitness. This excuse for a gathering was mostly the opposite. My attitude must have been showing because dad pulled me over and started to have a word. Entry 3- After dad had a very meaning full conversation, he almost had a tear in his eye. For the next 4 days I worked those boys through all the training runs Dan and I use to do, teaching them new tricks and refining their skills as much as I could. After the conversation dad made me realize that the game wasnt all about winning and eating the shield but doing it as a team and enjoying it. Tom b- 1st person flash backs non- chromo accident obstacles- mother, kylie sport/girlfriend transition change, obstacles, transformation, responsibility, choice, identity. ROT- the kings of summer Tommy B Chapter 16- He was on a self-destruct mission. (p. 229) In a class discussion students could share ideas on this topic. Do they believe that Daniels parents should have been also charged for taking a passive resistance towards his behavior? What could have been done to help Daniel prior to the accident? Are liquor laws the same for underage drinking in all countries? What influence do friends have when someone is going off the rails? Question 1- no I dont. They were having a hard ti me controlling their sons behavior like many parents do around the same age as Dan. It is completely understandable and excusable. Question 2 taken a deep breath, and thought about what has happened. Maybe taken a walk to relax and sweat the alcohol out, sober up. Question 3 no, some countries take it very seriously having harsh penalties such as probation and steep fines. Australia is quite relaxed about the matter and consider it within our culture I believe. Although this is my opinion there are still Judges and officers that take it very seriously and go beyond the laws to teach the offended a lesson. Question 4 depends what sort of attitude and frame of mind they are in. If they are negotiable and sociable friends can have a very big influence. Calming them down or sometimes heating the situation. But while they are totally negotiable friends advice can be easily deflected. Chapter 17- The siren rang for full-time, the score still 9-7 but you wouldve thought we were the winners. (p. 251) Activity 1 Students are to write a sporting column for a local newspaper describing the match. Vive got to ring him. (p. 253) Activity 2:0 What would Tom have said to Matt? Working in pairs, write a script of this phone call. Activity 1- One of the most intimidated matches for the season Chapter 18- l think Ill call you Harvey, she crooned. Because Saint Harvey was famous for his miracles.

Microbiology Unknowns Lab Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Microbiology Unknowns Lab Report - Essay Example Spurious results may be obtained in some cases that departs from the expected norms for a particular species, may be attributed to strain differences within the given species. The unknown samples are required to be handled with care and precision. Identification procedures adopted, identified four bacterial species in the unknown samples, they are: Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes Microorganisms are ubiquitous and they provide benefit or show their harmful impact on the human/ animal or plant population in varied ways. The body of knowledge that has accrued since these early years has been instrumental in making clinical microbiology a major component of laboratory or diagnostic medicine. It is essential to have an understanding towards these microorganisms for this isolation and identification of these infectious pathogens is imperative. This understanding aids in rapid diagnosis and treatment of the disease, prudently, intelligently and rapidly. Many experiments are being carried out that have relevance with their application in the clinical microbiology. These experiments encompass, isolation and identification of unknown cultures, the use of selective and differential media and various biochemical tests used to separate and identify various microorganisms (Messeley, 2003). The first step to onset the experiment is to perform Gram staining procedure. This segregates the gram positive and gram-negative organisms. This is followed by the streak-plating to observe the colony characteristics. The next step is the use of selective media for the preparation of pure cultures followed by the performance of biochemical tests. The present study was performed to apply all the methodologies learnt in the microbiology laboratory class designed for the detection of an unknown bacterium (Messeley, 2003). Prepare Nutrient agar broth subculture of unknown sample and refrigerate

Math portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Math portfolio - Essay Example In addition, it will be also checked that what happen if no further doses is given to malaria patient over a week period after an initial dose of 10 ÃŽ ¼g. From The graph of the given data, it is obvious that the amount of drug in the bloodstream decreases as the time passes. From investigation, it is found that it is similar to the graph of an exponential decay function (for example radioactive decay graph). The general equation of such an exponential decay function is: From the above function, the different values of can be determined for the given data that is summarized in table 2. Since, there are different values of for every data points, therefore, for our model function taking average value (mean value) of from the calculated values of ,. Figure 2 shows the Graph of model function and data given. From figure 2 , it can be seen that the graph of model function and data given are similar and approximately follows the same path. Some minor deviations may be because of the error in colleting the data for the amount of drug in the bloodstream over a period. The model functionis suitable for the modeling of amount of the drug in the bloodstream. The suitability of the model function is also derived from the comparison of the graph of model function and data given and both are similar. From given graph of amount of drug in the bloodstream for 10-hour period following an initial dose of 10 ÃŽ ¼g, it can be seen that amount of drug remained in the bloodstream after six-hour period is equal to 3.7 ÃŽ ¼g. Therefore, in six-hour period the amount of drug decay is 6.3 ÃŽ ¼g. Assuming this decay-rate is constant for further period, when a patient is instructed to take 10 ÃŽ ¼g of this drug every six hours. Then, the amount of drug at start and at end of each period will be as given in table 3. The maximum amount of drug 21.1 ÃŽ ¼g in the bloodstream will be at start of fourth period (i.e. 18-24 hour period) and the minimum amount of drug 3.7 ÃŽ ¼g in

Igor Primoratz and Radical Feminists Sexuality Essay Example for Free

Igor Primoratz and Radical Feminists Sexuality Essay Rape is to be quite frank, the lowest and most demeaning act a man can do to a woman. Most would say that rape is physically forcing a woman to engage in a sexual act against her will. Radical feminists take a hard stance against this and believe most â€Å"normal† sex is to be included when discussing rape. Feminists argue that the very social fiber of our society in which there is inequality of men and women needs to be changed. Men use sex as a form of control, a way to oppress women. Consent becomes irrelevant as women are not on equal ground. Feminists, who want legitimate sex, say that to have such would require major change in the social position of women. Catherine A Mackinnon says that’s in our society sexuality is â€Å"a social construct of male power: defined by men, forced on women, and constructive of the meaning of gender.† She believes that all sex ranging from normal consensual sex, prostitution to pornography, and sexual harassment and rape is all showcasing the dominance of women by men. Women are often engaging in sex that they do not feminists argue that even with consent women will agree to sex for the purpose of pleasing a man, or to improve social acceptance.   When a woman has sex with a man and does not want it, when she acts under compulsion, Feminists argue that this is rape. Morgan states â€Å"Rape exists any time sexual intercourse occurs when it is not being initiated by the woman out of her own genuine affection and desire.† Feminists claim that sure they may not be under the threat of a knife to the throat but they are nonetheless threatened and as such these situations can be called rape. Such acts may not fall under the same umbrella as what is known as traditional rape, it is rape just the same. Wertheimer points out that a sexual offense is basically nonconsensual touching or bodily contact. This type of touching does not necessarily have to be violent and does not need to involve one penetrating the other. Another form would involve a violent assault or battery. Thirdly would be threats of violence. Finally a sexual assault may be from a fear of harms from penetration. These are all real forms of rape, not the type of rape that is expressed by the views of Radical Feminists. One must ask, are these statement made by Radical feminists truly in line with what is a sexual offense? Feminists also state, that woman who are coerced into sex albeit not physically threatened but by means of say threats to end a relationship, threats to find another lover, threats about how he feels about her and such are all forms of coercion. Thus, they are all forms of rape. In order for women to feel completely comfortable and make sex moral, they must be free of all forms of coercion. The problem with all this is that in our lives we are constantly coerced into things we may not want to do. Is this to say that all judgments or situations, in which one is coerced is therefore morally unacceptable? Primoratz says quite nicely that â€Å" every extrinsic consideration that gets us to do something is to count as coercion into doing it, and if we are truly free only in those actions we do for own sake, then we are all coerced in most of what we do and unfree most of the time.† Another problem is that sex that can used for the purposes of monetary gain, power, or social stature can all be seen as immoral even if both parties have agreed on consent. But this is not merely a problem blamed on the males of today, females do it too. For all sorts of different reasons than the ones Primoratz listed. Some may do it for drugs, alcohol, clothes, or other petty items. Point is, sex is a tool used by both men and women alike. So all sexually activity can not be morally acceptable while men and women are socially and economically unequal? So all people should be on equal ground before they can engage in a legitimate sexual relationship? It is near impossible to achieve such a situation in a capitalistic society. It is not unreasonable to have sex for the simple enjoyment of it. Why must there be a deeper meaning? It is ok to objectify both him and her in the act of sex, for the sole purpose of mutual ends. Wertheimer tells us when one should consent to sexual relations and uses Susan Moller Okin to state â€Å"justice applies to some interfamilial issues, such as the control of economic resources and the distribution of household labor, does justice also apply to sex?† Wertheimer implies that is acceptable for a husband to want sex and that it may not be something the wife wants at that time or that often but is she obliged to serve her man? Are his needs and her wanting to satisfy his needs more important than her need to not want sex? He sort of tip toes around it and doesn’t give a definitive answer. The argument as it pertains to movies is quite obvious, sure the wife or husband may be willing to put aside their urge to watch a certain movie but would the same issues be relevant to sex? Wertheimer describes what most of us refer to as â€Å"make-up sex†. That couples sometimes use such a moment to reaffirm their desire to demonstrate that their relationship is strong and not succumbing to the issues of a meaningless fight. Wertheimer definitely objectifies women and makes it seem as though they are the ones who must comply with their man’s needs. He uses his words wisely and states at the end â€Å"It might be argued that it is not merely that love can coexist with justice, but that to love another person is to want to be fair to them, or, more precisely, to ant to not to be unfair to them, for to love someone is typically to want to be more than fair to them, to be generous.†

A New Vision of Science :: Science Scientific Papers

A New Vision of Science ABSTRACT: Traditional convictions regarding science (such as universalism, necessity and eternal validity) are currently in doubt. Relativism seems to destroy scientific claims to rationality. This paper shows a way to keep the traditional convictions of scientific knowledge while acknowledging relativism. With reference to the practicing scientist, we replace descriptivism with constructivism; we modify relative validity with the claim to understanding; and, we offer methodological strategies for acquiring understanding. These strategies we call strangification, which means taking a scientific proposition system out of its context and putting it in another context. We can thus see the implicit presuppositions of the given proposition system by means of the problems arising out of the application of this procedure. Such a change in the understanding of science holds important consequences. There is a personal background for the new understanding of science I am proposing in this article. These ideas that are now comprised within the notion Constructive Realism have been developed over the last twenty years during interactions and in cooperatio with other scientists. Now I am giving them my voice for a couple of short arguments why this new understanding isneeded today. It should be mentioned that the dialogue with my former friends from the Vienna Circle hs, to some extent, been important in this process. The Vienna Circle was so complex and encompassed so many different ideas that some traces of what I am argueing can be found there. Presently, however, my own understanding of sciencehas departed crucially from what is usually considered as the Vienna Circle's stance toward science. Without being aware of it, the Vienna Circle was the last great attempt for a rational metaphysics of science. It was trying to establish a correspondence of purified human mind with the w orld. Probably, this is why they argued so sharply against traditional, i.e. irrational metaphysics. Contrary to the declared position of most of the Vienna Circle's members, however, Constructive Realism does not struggle against metaphysics. I appreciated very much the example of Erwin Schrà ¶dinger because it has wonderfully shown in which degree a scientist is influenced by his metaphysical background. Checking the bckgound of scientific doing one is getting a lot of impressions about metaphysical world.comcepts, metaphysical concepts of knowledge etc. If we lay aside our apprehension to touch metaphysics, science can even bepushed forward by it. In fact we should have many metaphysics. They are offereing unusual perspectives and this is exactly what science needs to progress.

The Spanish Inquisition

The Spanish Inquisition was a controversial time primarily during the 15th century. However, it kept reoccurring during other parts of history rather than only in the 15th century. There were many different methods used in which non-Christians would be tortured. Sometimes, the wrong people would be tortured if they believed that the person they were torturing really wasn’t Christian. The torturing of people because of their religion is what makes the Spanish Inquisition such a disturbing and dark part of history. The reason for the Spanish Inquisition was because the Christians conquered Spain again, which led to the Christians forcing non-Christian people, such as Jews, to convert to Christianity. Any non-Christian who refused to convert to Christianity would be prosecuted and tortured using different methods such as starvation, strappado, racking and many other forms of torture. In 1478, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabelle of Castile established the Spanish Inquisition. The reason the inquisition was established was because Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabelle of Castile wanted to unite Spain. The Spanish Inquisition could help economically because money could be made by stealing property from accused heretics. Another reason for the Spanish Inquisition is because Ferdinand and Isabelle believed that Spain could be united under Christianity. Also, Ferdinand and Isabelle discriminated against Jews simply because they were anti-Semites. The first Inquisitors arrived in Seville in 1480 to abolish heresy. Heresy is a belief or opinion that is contrary to an orthodox religious doctrine (especially Christianity). Many Spanish Jews were forced to convert to Christianity and some of them converted by choice. There were different sentences for those found guilty of heresy. If you were found guilty of heresy, then your property would be confiscated and you would be burned to death. There would be public humiliation for those found guilty at the auto da fe, which is the ceremony where the heretic would be burned to death. The time of the greatest influence during the Spanish Inquisition was under the reigns of Philip II and Philip III. This time period occurred in 1569-1621. The Inquisition had suffered previous to this time period because of a lack of direction under Charles V, who ruled from 1517-1556. But, during the reign of Philip II, there eventually became 16 tribunals in Spain, two tribunals in Italy and three in the New World. The Inquisition greatly expanded its prosecution of many different religious crimes. Ordinary Spaniards were drawn into the tribunals as well as Protestants, conversos, Moriscos and foreigners. There was detailed questioning even to people who most likely didn’t commit heresy. These people would be fined one or two ducats, which was considered a very heavy fine. The tribunals relied on unpaid officials. First, there were the two networks of familiars and camisarios. The familiars were laymen charged with carrying messages, arresting suspects and delivering them to the Inquisition. The comisarios were priests who assisted in the gathering of evidence at the local level. Calificadores would advise the inquisitors about the accusations to whether someone was a heretic or not. There was a cruel way in which the Inquisition functioned. Possible heretics weren’t treated like in today’s standards mostly because the phrase â€Å"innocent until proven guilty† wasn’t followed. First, there was the accusation. When the Inquisition arrived in a city, the first step was known as the Edict of Grace. It was called this because a period of grace was offered to the people accused of a crime to bring the accused person to the church without severe punishment. Next, there was the detention. The case would be examined by the calificadores would determine if there was heresy involved. Many cases lasted up to two years before the calificadores examined the case. The property of the prisoner would be taken during detention. This property would be used to pay for expenses and the own costs and maintenance of the person being accused. The entire process was done with much secrecy. The trial process is after the detention process. The trial consisted of a series of hearings. The denouncers and defendants both gave their testimonies. Torture was used until the defendant would confess. The torture used was very unsystematic. It was applied mainly to those suspected of Judaism and Protestantism. Torture would even be applied regardless of a person’s age. Basically even children and elderly people would be tortured. Torture played a major role in the Spanish Inquisition. There were many different methods of torture. One method of torture was strappado. Strappado was when the victims would be suspended from the ceiling by their wrists. The victim would fall from a height and be stopped by an abrupt jerk right before they reach the ground. Another method of torture was starvation in which the person accused of heresy would be starved. Racking was also used. A rack was an instrument of torture consisting of a frame on which the victim was stretched by turning rollers to which the wrists and ankles were tied. Toca was a method of making the victim believe they were drowning by putting a cloth in their mouth and pouring a jar of water in their mouth.